{"id":270269,"date":"2023-05-23T14:55:32","date_gmt":"2023-05-23T14:55:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/veritas.art\/lot\/an-important-crucified-christ-altarpiece-264475797\/"},"modified":"2023-05-24T13:30:16","modified_gmt":"2023-05-24T13:30:16","slug":"an-important-crucified-christ-altarpiece-264475797","status":"publish","type":"lot","link":"https:\/\/veritas.art\/en\/lot\/an-important-crucified-christ-altarpiece-264475797\/","title":{"rendered":"[Auction 128] Lot 183 &#8211; An important &#8220;Crucified Christ&#8221; altarpiece"},"content":{"rendered":"High-relief sculpture\r\nCarved, polychrome and gilt sculpture depicted Christ crucified in the center flanked by Cherubim, Angels and Archangels\r\nPortugal, 17th century (1st-half)","protected":false},"featured_media":271811,"template":"","categories":[49],"class_list":["post-270269","lot","type-lot","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sculpture"],"acf":{"auction_number":"128","number":"183","ref":"183","letter":"0","hammer_value":"0","show_hammer_value":true,"estimation_min":"15000","estimation_max":"35000","price_on_request":false,"author":false,"auction":{"ID":269896,"post_author":"44","post_date":"2023-05-10 14:47:26","post_date_gmt":"2023-05-10 14:47:26","post_content":"","post_title":"Auction 128 - Antiques & Works of Art, Silver & Jewellery","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"auction-128-antiques-works-of-art-silver-jewellery","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-06-07 14:04:40","post_modified_gmt":"2023-06-07 14:04:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/veritas.art\/?post_type=auction&#038;p=269896","menu_order":0,"post_type":"auction","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},"name":"An important \"Crucified Christ\" altarpiece","dimensions":"174x170x19 cm","description":"High-relief sculpture<br \/>\r\nCarved, polychrome and gilt sculpture depicted Christ crucified in the center flanked by Cherubim, Angels and Archangels<br \/>\r\nPortugal, 17th century (1st-half)","additional_info":[{"title":"Additional Information","text":"Provenance: Colec\u00e7\u00e3o Comandante Ernesto Vilhena<br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\nErnesto de Vilhena collection<br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\nA man of broad interests, Commander Ernesto Jardim de Vilhena (1876-1967) dedicated part of his life to collecting works of art and to amassing one of the largest, and most relevant, private art collections in Portugal.<br \/>\r\nThe son of J\u00falio Marques de Vilhena (1845-1928), a major character that excelled in various fields, having been Secretary of State for Justice and the Ecclesiastical Affairs between 1881 and 1883, and Bank of Portugal Governor between 1895 and 1907, and of Maria da Piedade Leite Pereira Jardim (1848-1930), the sister of Lu\u00eds Leite Pereira Jardim, 1st Count of Valen\u00e7as, Ernesto de Vilhena dedicated himself to art collecting from the 1920s onwards.<br \/>\r\nVilhena was a methodical, rational, and precise collector that surrounded himself with art experts and dealers, maintaining through his collecting, as highlighted by the researcher Maria Jo\u00e3o Vilhena de Carvalho, a constant search for the \u201crepresentation of the national identity in the arts\u201d. In his lifetime, the collection, amounting to 60,515 objects and embracing the decorative and the fine arts as well as a library, was stored at Vilhena\u2019s house in Lisbon\u2019s Rua de S\u00e3o Bento, which was often referred to as the \u201cVilhena Museum\u201d. A part of this vast collection, bequeathed to the nation by his heirs, is now safekept at the National Museum of Ancient Art in the Portuguese capital.<br \/>\r\nFrom amongst Ernesto de Vilhena\u2019s large estate stand out his religious sculpture acquisitions, praised by the Art Historian Reynaldo dos Santos (1880-1970) in the foreword to his monograph Oito S\u00e9culos de Arte Portuguesa:<br \/>\r\n\u201cTwo renewing insights enable us to currently outline, for the first time ever, the history of sculpture in Portugal. We owe the first insight to the \u201cInvent\u00e1rio Art\u00edstico\u201d revelations, the inventory that this National Academy [of Fine Arts] was appointed to organize, and which presently encompasses the districts of Braga, Santar\u00e9m, Portalegre and Coimbra, the latter one particularly abundant in sculpture. The second is owed to the research developed on the notable collection of the distinguished Commander Ernesto de Vilhena, counting over one thousand objects mostly dating from the gothic period, and in which are represented not just some of the essential artworks of 14th and 15th centuries imaginary, but numerous regional replicas that reveal the influence and irradiation of prototypes.\u201d<br \/>\r\nThe Ernesto de Vilhena sculpture collection is of such importance to our country that, also according to Reynaldo dos Santos, \u201cThe country owes him the rescue of a large part of its medieval imaginary\u2026\u201d, upon the 1911 Separation Law. In 1969 two vast exhibitions of Vilhena\u2019s bequest, summing up to 1490 sculptures from various historical periods, took place at the National Library of Portugal.<br \/>\r\nThe important altarpiece that we are bringing up for auction, characterised by a structure of three carved, polychrome, and gilt wood panels with sculpture, features scenography allusive to the salvation of the \u201cPurgatory Souls\u201d.<br \/>\r\nThe lateral panels are ornamented with foliage motifs and an angel holding lilies, symbols of purity in the Christian tradition. The scene depicted on the central panel, develops over two plans. A lower section defined by the purgatory flames, in which can be seen the praying souls asking for mercy for their terrestrial sins, and the liberating Angels that carry the souls destined to ascending to Paradise. In the upper segment, centrally placed, a sculptural wood depiction of the Crucified Christ, with the inscription \u201cINRI\u201d. The acronym for Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Jews, framed by angels and cherubs.<br \/>\r\nAlthough images of Purgatory have been known in Portugal since the 15th century, most extant Purgatory altarpieces date from the 17th and 18th centuries.  The origin of this subject in the collective popular imaginary can be traced back to the Middle Ages, via Final Judgement iconographies.<br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\nJo\u00e3o Belo<br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\nLiterature:<br \/>\r\nCARVALHO, Maria Jo\u00e3o Vilhena de \u2013 A Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o de uma Cole\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional. As Esculturas de Ernesto Vilhena. Vol. 10. Cole\u00e7\u00e3o Estudos de Museus. Casal de Cambra: Caleidosc\u00f3pio e Dire\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral do Patrim\u00f3nio Cultural, 2017.<br \/>\r\nMARIZ, Vera - \u00abMaria Jo\u00e3o Vilhena de Carvalho \u2013 A Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o de uma Cole\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional. As Esculturas de Ernesto Vilhena\u00bb, MIDAS, 2020.<br \/>\r\nSANTOS, Reynaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal. Lisboa. 1948-1950.<br \/>\r\nLAMEIRA, Francisco; LOPES, In\u00eas Afonso; del Rio Jo\u00e3o, Martina. Ret\u00e1bulos das Almas no Purgat\u00f3rio, Promotoria Monogr\u00e1fica Hist\u00f3ria da Arte 26, Faro, 2021 <br \/>\r\n"}],"tags":"Sculpture","gallery":[{"image":{"ID":271810,"id":271810,"title":"128_183","filename":"183.jpg","filesize":10957220,"url":"https:\/\/veritas.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/183.jpg","link":"https:\/\/veritas.art\/en\/lot\/importante-retabulo-cristo-crucificado-84720756\/128_183\/","alt":"","author":"44","description":"","caption":"","name":"128_183","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":270268,"date":"2023-05-23 18:15:57","modified":"2023-05-23 18:15:58","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/veritas.art\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":4455,"height":3638,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/veritas.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/183-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/veritas.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/183.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":245,"medium_large":"https:\/\/veritas.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/183.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":627,"large":"https:\/\/veritas.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/183.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":836,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/veritas.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/183.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1254,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/veritas.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/183.jpg","2048x2048-width":2048,"2048x2048-height":1672,"v_medium":"https:\/\/veritas.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/183-640x523.jpg","v_medium-width":640,"v_medium-height":523,"gform-image-choice-sm":"https:\/\/veritas.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/183.jpg","gform-image-choice-sm-width":300,"gform-image-choice-sm-height":245,"gform-image-choice-md":"https:\/\/veritas.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/183.jpg","gform-image-choice-md-width":400,"gform-image-choice-md-height":327,"gform-image-choice-lg":"https:\/\/veritas.art\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/183.jpg","gform-image-choice-lg-width":600,"gform-image-choice-lg-height":490}},"is_video":false,"video_source":"","video_id":"","use_video_thumbnail":true}],"auction_session":"1","show_in_withdrawn_lots":true},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/veritas.art\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/lot\/270269","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/veritas.art\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/lot"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/veritas.art\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/lot"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veritas.art\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/271811"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/veritas.art\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=270269"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/veritas.art\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=270269"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}